Sunday, April 19, 2020

Y2k Essays (1015 words) - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards

Y2k Civilization's dependence upon computers has grown exponentially in the last thirty years. Businesses use computers to keep their records, write reports, and to converse with colleagues and clients. The average businessperson depends primarily on their computer to complete a day's work. Years ago, programmers caused what could have potentially been a major problem with modern computer systems. While attempting to conserve scarce and expensive data bits, they programmed the year using two digits instead of four. At the turn of the century, computer systems would not be able to discriminate between the year 1900 and the year 2000. As the speculation of what would happen at the turn of the millennium grew, those who depended on computers became frightened at the thought of what their world might become. In order to prevent any major problems from occurring, measures were to taken to repair this bug. Now that the beginning of the new century has passed, it is safe to say that the precaut ions taken by businesses and the government were not done so in vain. Now the century has turned, our computers are safe and precautions no longer need be taken. On and after January 1, there were several Y2K related problems with computers around the world, but these problems were minor and solvable. For instance, an eyeglass lens manufacturer's plant had troubles with bringing up purchase orders when customers had questions, because the purchase orders were sorted by date. In addition, the same manufacturer's plant had computers controlling the manufacturing process. Since problems affected the computers in their sales and administration office, they felt it necessary to have employees hand-check the quality and accuracy of each lens before it left the building (Zandonella, par. 4). These problems led to slight setbacks in business, but they were able to recover in time to maintain their reputation. In several cases, the Y2K glitch affected the software involved in processing purchases made with credit cards. There were some reports of people unintentionally being billed for the same meal up to twelve times. The consumers involved experienced depleted accounts, bounced checks, and hours spent straightening out balances with banks and credit card companies (Y2K, par. 1). If precautions had not been taken by most of the credit card companies, many more cases similar to these could have occurred causing a great disaster in the credit industry. People might have lost faith in credit card companies, which make up large portions of the economy. In Kansas City, KS, a few court cases were delayed, including a civil suit regarding a wrongful death, due to year 2000 related computer failure. In one case, two citizens were not served subpoenas until almost two months after they were issued (Overman, par. 2). Ellen Crawford, public information officer for the Jackson County Circuit Court, commented, ?There were a lot of problems and one of them was issuing summons? (Overman, par. 8). The programmers blamed for writing all this ?buggy? software incidentally caused the bug with good intentions. Now that the materials they were originally attempting to conserve are relatively inexpensive, programmers would only be lazy to utilize a two-digit year instead of four. The only possibility of another scare mimicking this one is in 8,000 years, when the year turns to 10000. At the rate technology in software engineering has been moving in the last thirty years, it is very unlikely that the same software will be used in 8,000 years. Some people believed that the Y2K precautions were taken in vain, and that far too much money was spent on the problem. Many compared the United States to smaller countries, citing that the amount these other countries spent to fix these problems was slim to none. Despite a few exceptions, these countries had no major problems along with the United States. For example, International Data Corp. accused the United States government of overspending by $41 billion. Meanwhile, the Chair of the President's Council on the Year 2000 Conversion agrees that there was overspending, but that it was more in the range of $10 billion (Berkowitz, par. 2). According to Ben Berkowitz of the University of Southern California, the CIO of the 3Com corporation believes that spending was ?out

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Tips For Writing a Sample Essay on Juvenile Delinquency

Tips For Writing a Sample Essay on Juvenile DelinquencyWriting a sample essay on juvenile delinquency can be very useful for professionals or students who are interested in pursuing a career in this field. This type of writing is useful because it can show potential employers how an essay can be used in promoting a company. It can also be used in helping with college admissions, and also in the help of other professionals who need to write about juvenile delinquency.The first thing that you will need to do is figure out which types of samples you will want to use. There are several options that you have, including essays that are too long and too short, or even ones that are lengthy and very short. You will also need to determine what type of article is best for you.You will want to find some online sources that can provide you with this information. You can search through the Internet for various sites that have information on samples and tutorials that may be helpful. Some websites even have sample essays on juvenile delinquency that are professionally written and formatted. These are not the typical samples that you would find in books or online magazines.After finding a few sample essays on juvenile delinquency that you can use, you will need to determine which of these samples will be the best for you. Since each piece of writing is going to vary based on your writing style, make sure that you know what your own writing style is before you start using the samples. You should be able to choose which samples will be most helpful for you, and this can help you make a decision as to which essay will be best for you.There are several steps that you can take to help with writing a sample essay on juvenile delinquency. One thing that you will want to do is determine how you will be describing the behavior of the juvenile delinquent. You will want to use language that will reflect what the juvenile offender did, not what they should have done.You will also want to consider how you will be applying the strategies of juvenile delinquency in the essay. This is important because this will help you understand how these strategies will work in the situation. This is one of the things that is often neglected when someone writes a sample essay on juvenile delinquency.When you are trying to get the most out of your entire sample essay on juvenile delinquency, make sure that you have enough time to spend looking over all of the samples and tutorials that you find. Doing this will help you find one that is the best for you.