Study on the issues of organizational structure

Study on the issues of hierarchical structure Issue on hierarchical structure, specifically clinic structure has endured a lot of change in the course of recent decades. The structure speaks to the way of life and target, yet in addition shows and assesses the connection between's people who work inside a medical clinic, in order to encourage the profitability and employment effectiveness (Madden, Courtney, Montgomery, Nash 2006, p.283). Laschinger, Finegan, and Sharmian (2001, p.60) demonstrate that a sensible authoritative structure has critical effect on advancing work productivity in emergency clinic, in this way better human services administrations can be given to patients. Additionally, it is considerred that the plan of authoritative structure can be to a great extent influenced by various elements, for example, associations vision, crucial, procedure (Madden et al. 2006, p.272). Subsequently, a very much organized medicinal services association will encourage self-advancement, to improve fulfillment on the two patients and representative. 1.2 Thesis Statement A basic investigation of the authoritative structure and the relationship to the strategic vision with respect to Concord Repatriation General Hospital in Sydney, Australia. 1.3 Scope This paper will be isolated into three areas, which contain foundation data of the human services office, at that point fundamentally examine the hierarchical structure in relations to its crucial, to wrap things up, a sound sensible end and proposal will be evoked by examination. Foundation Information of the Health Care Facility This paper will concentrate on the basic examination of Concord Repatriation General Hospital, which is additionally essentially known as Concord Hospital in Sydney, Australia. Accord Hospital speaks to not just one of the most predominant clinics with the arrangement of a scope of claim to fame inpatient and outpatient administrations in Sydney, yet in addition an instructive office for offering preparing and position open doors for clinical understudies. Additionally, the clinic has developed a far reaching framework, which got profoundly increase by Australian Council on Healthcare Standards for giving convenient and magnificent patients care, specifically, Burns Unit assumes a significant job over the states (Concord Repatriation General Hospital (CRGH), 2009). As indicated by Concord Hospital (2008), the joined statement of purpose and vision express that rehearsing clinical greatness, driving in instructing, adding to wellbeing research, reacting to the extraordinary needs of Veterans, and changing with the requirements of the network. Also, this can be accomplished all through dealing with singular patient needs; offering quality types of assistance; advancing solid ways of life; just as esteeming medicinal services groups (CRGH, 2008). Subsequently, from its authoritative perspective, the essential or head objective of Concord Hospital is more shoppers concentrated, so as to give better social insurance administrations. For instance, a five-year program wrapped up by the medical clinic in 2006 in with respect to capital works gives help with the development of care and administrations for patients in a few zones, for example, Aged Care and Rehabilitation, co-finding a few claims to fame outpatient and inpatient administrations, in order to carry advantages to the two patients and non-patients (CRGH, 2008). Figure 1 represents the definite hierarchical structure of Concord Hospital. It tends to be seen that there are five branches under General Manager, which involve Director of Medicine, Director of Nursing, Director of Corporate and Clinical Support Services, Director Performance and Informatics, just as Demand Management Unit. The Academic and Research lies close by with the connection of broken line (CRGH, 2008). Figure 1: The detail hierarchical structure of Concord Hospital (CRGH, 2008) Basic ANALYSIS 3. 1 Critical investigate the emergency clinic hierarchical structure according to its crucial As per Figure 1, the hierarchical structure of Concord Hospital can be treated as line or practical structure, as it groups the same teaches together (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter 2006, p.336). It is indicated that the two its strategic, and medical clinic teams up its structure with crucial bound to reflect positive representative activity (Bart, DeGroote, Bontis, Taggar 2001, p.19). Moreover, this hierarchical structure not just immensely shows the way of life and focus of the emergency clinic, for example, develop Anzac Research Institution, yet in addition offer an away from of power, which calls attention to the pecking order exists in various divisions, to most extreme advantages medicinal services administrations to patients and representative (Madden et al. 2006, p.283). 3.2 The focal points and confinements of the structure for social insurance conveyance Accord Hospital is increasingly founded on an idea of utilitarian structure. Hierarchy of leadership, as an idea of hierarchical structure expresses the authority is created and positioned from upper degree of the emergency clinic to its lower position (Robbins et al. 2006, p.327). As per figure 1, the diagram sends the pecking order from the progressed to bring down level situation, for instance, Director of Nursing to Assistance in Nursing. Fundamentally, this sort of hierarchical structure shows the capacity of streamlining use, it very well may be considerred that this authoritative structure not just limits the repeat of worker and capital, yet in addition builds the proficiency being used of assets, in order to convey better nature of care to patients in a specific treatment unit. By contraries, it can't be denied that experts or staff can be disengaged under this structure with exceptionally constrained data in regards to different offices work. Once more, the insufficiency in return of considerations between representatives may actuate the drawback of value in social insurance benefits that gave to patients (University of Western Sydney (UWS)2010, p. 19). 3.3 The key lines of power and duty regarding accomplishing hierarchical objectives The key lines of power and obligation in Concord Hospital to be separated into a few subordinates. As indicated by figure 1 (CRGH, 2008), each degree of specialists from upper to bring down level has been point by point outlined under various claims to fame. It is accepted that the authority is commonly gotten from administrative level, and afterward assignments are given to worker to finish (Robbins et al. 2006, p.327). At the end of the day, for the individuals who are in more significant level have transcendent rights than lower level worker. This authoritative structure likewise simply clarifies the order of work, and the duty of each level(Madden et al. 2006, p.283). For example, nursing administrator has total position and involves full obligation in overseeing nursing related stuff. It tends to be believed that approved individual needs to use assets productively and successfully, in this way aids accomplish hierarchical objectives through conceded lines of power and duty (Cha ndler 2003, p.48). 3.4 The utility of the structure according to the accomplishment of the associations crucial objectives The utility of the structure of an association ought to energize in the accomplishment of hierarchical crucial vision. It separates associations worker into explicit areas, so as to create agreeable modification between one another (Mintzberg, Quinn, Ghoshal 1995, p. 352). It is clearly that Concord Hospital builds up a full scope of divisions for giving better nature of care to patients. For instance, the Center for Education and Research on Aging (CERA) joins the medical clinic itself with its instructing college center around the arrangement of compelling consideration, and better their expectations for everyday comforts among maturing understanding gathering (The University of Sydney, 2010). This as needs be demonstrates the exhaustive nature of care to be given to a particular gathering of patients so as to empower the emergency clinic missions which are offering quality types of assistance to patients, driving in instructing, adding to wellbeing examination to be cultivated (CR GH, 2008). 3.5 Aspects of the structure which encourage or block execution and expected arrangements Hierarchical structure can be viewed as a powerful instrument for advancing collaboration between different divisions inside an association. Likewise the conveyance of duty between claims to fame in the clinic expects to speed the mix of human services administrations among understanding (Stoelwinder, Blandford, Perkins 2006, p.319-320). The customary structure is utilized by Concord Hospital which orders same gatherings of callings into one claim to fame, it very well may be seen that this kind of structure basically focus on proficient preparing and advancement, at that point better nature of care can be given to understanding. By the by, it is obvious that the structure influences the arrangement of productive human services administrations, as wellbeing callings are assembled into various offices, which prompts the absence of coordination and correspondence between offices, along these lines bargain on medicinal services to be given to persistent. While, some blended structures c an be considered under this condition, for example, a conventional utilitarian structure blends in with item structure, in order to benefits human services callings, yet in addition focuses on substantially more patient consideration (Stoelwinder et al. 2006, p. 322). 4. End This paper focuses on the basic investigation of hierarchical structure and relationship to strategic vision for Concord Hospital. The emergency clinic is one of the most prevalent medical clinics with the arrangement of a scope of claim to fame inpatient and outpatient administrations in Sydney. Accord Hospital has a consolidated statement of purpose and vision, and this can be accomplished all through dealing with singular patient needs; offering quality types of assistance; advancing sound ways of life; just as esteeming social insurance groups. The hierarchical structure of Concord Hospital by utilizing line structure shows that its strategic, and medical clinic works together its str

Unnecessary Law essays

Superfluous Law papers The ignominy of 9/11 was an appalling assault that crushed the residents of The United States. In September of 2001, Islamic fear monger bunch al-Qaeda assaulted The World Trade Center in New York, and the Pentagon in Virginia. The reason for the assault was because of the United States backing of Israel, the nearness of U.S troops in Saudi Arabia, and authorizations against Iraq. The World Trade Center was a one-quit strip mall on global exchange and business. It was likewise evidence of New York's confidence in itself. The structure was built during the vulnerability of New York's future; the towers helped the certainty of lower Manhattan from its past monetary hardships. The Pentagon is the base camp of the United States Department of Defense. After the horrible assault, the proposition for the Real ID Act, otherwise called National ID card, was introduced. Notwithstanding the various distinguishing proof cards, the legislature will dole out to the residents National ID card. It will be a mix of one's driver's permit, government managed savings card and visa. The motivation behind the National ID card is to handily check the personality and give solid confirmation of one's citizenship. The National ID card will limit significant delay at security focuses in government structures however will likewise cause wholesale fraud once its lost. Picture awakening one day discovering that your National ID card, which has all your data, for example, standardized savings number, financial balance number and wellbeing data, is absent. How might you respond? Wouldn't you be terrified? The assault of 9/11 enlivened the legislature to make a National ID card to protect the country from future psychological oppressor assaults. National ID card, which was made with positive expectation would eventually, cause more damage than anything else. For instance, in the event that you neglect to convey the National ID card, you're well on the way to be looked, confined or maybe even be captured for being associated with conveying atomic bomb, to simply bei... <!

CEO Compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chief Compensation - Essay Example y, the works that are relied upon for the CEO to perform, and the monetary status of the organization, on the off chance that it is increasing much for a specific period that will qualify whether the CEO merited the measure of pay. As confirmed by Solomon (2007), review says that the CEOs in the US are truly overpaid in light of the fact that there is â€Å"an nonappearance of target approaches to gauge an official performance†. Also, much is normal from an American organization so these organizations live up with the desires. Intense rivalries set in, and to remain on â€Å"top†, organizations must recruit the â€Å"best† CEO to run their organization. What's more, the â€Å"best way† to have the â€Å"best† CEO to come and remain in the organization is to bait them with unnecessary pay rates and advantages even before they will deliver results as what most CEOs in the US appreciate now. Japanese CEOs for the most part got a lot of lower levels of remuneration contrasted with their partners in the US. As detailed by Wiseman and Del Jones (2009) in the USA Today, CEOs of enormous organizations just earned a normal of $809, 000 out of 2003, with a distinction of $11.4 million contrasted and the CEOs of the US. This reality alone, notwithstanding, isn't adequate to suggest that U.S. Presidents are overpaid. It is on the grounds that enormous organizations in Japan are commonly littler contrasted with huge organizations in the US. Generally, it is out of line to think about the pay got by CEOs of little organizations to enormous organizations. Then again, the acts of US organizations in urging CEOs to go along with them are not being drilled in Japan. As Wiseman and Del Jones (2009) noted â€Å"Japanese firms seldom poach ability from rival firms, outbidding each other for the board superstars†. As a rule, CEOs of organizations in Japan were beforehand typical rep resentatives of the organization they are working with who buckled down for the organization for quite a while until they arrived at the top position. CEOs of US organizations are especially profited when there is an expansion if the company’s esteem inside a specific period.

Gen Xs voting apathy Essay Example For Students

Gen Xs casting a ballot lack of concern Essay When strolling to any class on the University of Oregon grounds I can nearly guarantee that you will be approached to sign some appeal, bolster some gathering, or register to cast a ballot in your present district. Actually, the University of Oregon grounds makes political association look perfectly healthy among Generation Xers. Does the U of O reflect what a large portion of Generation X feel about American governmental issues, or if you somehow managed to go to an alternate college would you see another side of Generation Xs political inclusion? On the off chance that political activism is alive in all of Gen Xers, at that point how can it be that during the 1992 decisions, leave survey information uncovered that lone 25 percent of individuals between the ages of 18-24 casted a ballot, the least democratic pace of all ages gathering. Shockingly, most understudies could mind less. This I dont care demeanor is established in the I have my conclusion, you have your supposition, and that is all rule that is so normal among understudies. At the point when truth is comparative with your own preferences, theres no motivation to attempt to locate the correct arrangement that is unbiasedly best for us all. The principal thing that flies into my psyche when I consider Generation X is the ubiquitous negative depictions of Gen X as shallow, dumb, apathetic, and irreverent introduced all through the well known media (as archived by Howe and Strauss 1993; Holtz 1995; Rushkoff 1994). How do these portrayals of our age with a PR issue (Howe a Strauss 1993: 9) sway our individual encounters and how do our encounters/associations with these thoughts regarding Gen X help structure social/political standards, jobs, and structures? As somebody conceived in 1979, I cannot help however consider, when finding out about Generation X, regardless of whether these depictions, assessments and insights about my age take after my encounters and those of my friends. In arranging myself as far as these investigations I can't just acknowledge or reject this name. Regardless of whether I totally separation myself from, for example, the bum ethic, the articulate realism, or political lack of concern related with Gen X, my communications with othersand subsequently my identityare formed by the suppositions others may make about me as a result of my status as an individual from this associate. Reality remains that our ages political unresponsiveness harms every one of us. At the point when a whole age bunch neglects to practice its political force by not casting a ballot, government officials will observe and overlook gives that influence us. In 1997 not a solitary one of the eleven expresses that called their residents to the surveys figured out how to get a dominant part vote. The best turnout happened directly here in Oregon, when the warmed battle banter had occurred on the topic of whether to revoke the states option to kick the bucket law. The most exceedingly terrible turn out a year ago was an amazingly low five-percent, for a unique political decision in Texas (The Atlantic Monthly; December 1997). Turnout is currently extraordinarily identified with involvement with life. Turnout rates have consistently been most minimal among youngsters; maybe this is the reason there was moderately little resistance in the mid 1970s to bringing down the democratic age to eighteen. In any case, not by any means the most cynical experts could have anticipated the record-low interest paces of Generation X, as appeared in the accompanying registration discoveries on the age turnout (The Atlantic Monthly; November 1998): Subsequent to seeing this diagram, its nothing unexpected to me that in the 1994 congressional political decision turnout was 37 percent. As the measurements are generally introduced, this rate midpoints from 10 to 40 focuses lower than in the majority rule countries of Western Europe, Scandinavia, and the British Commonwealth (Ranney1998; 64) The low turnout among youthful voters today is confusing given that they are a standout amongst other instructed ages in American history. Indeed, even the individuals who have made it to school are communicating surprisingly little worry for governmental issues (Ray, Axtell, and Mickelson 1993). The class of 2001 as of late set another precedent for political lack of concern among school rookies: just 27 percent said that staying aware of legislative issues was a significant need for them, instead of 58 percent of the class of 1970, with whom a portion of our folks went to school. Obviously, the class of 2001 has not seen government infringe on their .

Critically assess the proposition that Muslims have become the main Essay

Fundamentally survey the recommendation that Muslims have become the principle focal point of authentic endeavors to prohibit Others from the s - Essay Example 5 Muslim people group of the twentieth/21st hundreds of years dependent on three typologies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Multiculturalism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Differential prohibition/visitor specialist system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Assimilation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Terrorism as ordinarily connected with Muslim people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Social exclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 Introduction Islam is the religion for in excess of 2 billion individuals on the earth. Just in Western Europe there are around 10 million Muslims, who are viewed as the biggest strict minority in the district and the third biggest religion in general developing a lot quicker than customarily predominant Catholic and Protestant religions. Subsequently, Islam turned into a huge strict and social power in the Western European nations, including France, Germany, United Kingdom, and others. In Great Britain, for instance, Muslims are the second biggest confidence bunch after Christians. The greater part of them were conceived in the United Kingdom having such ethnic foundations as Turkish, Arab, Indian, Asian, Kurdish, and Pakistani. Muslims coming to live in France are for the most part from francophone nations, for example, Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria and Morocco (Castles and Miller, 2003). At long last, Germany has numerous Muslims with Turkish and Kurdish beginning. Since the quantity of Muslims living in Western Europe and the United States proceed to develop and an ever increasing number of individuals become changed over into Islam religion, against Muslim slants and developments began developing across Europe when Muslims have become the fundamental focal point of authentic endeavors to prohibit them as â€Å"others† from the conditions of Europe. The fundamental purpose behind such activities is the dread of a ‘Muslim invasion’ when European national personalities can be undermined by the continuous procedures of European mix and migration from the creating nations (Ferrera, 2005). While in the past movement rules were less limite d for specific nations, they became harder as of late because of the expanded number of outsiders living on the joblessness remuneration from the administration, which raises concerns and grievances from the residents who try sincerely and make good on charges. Regardless of whether workers get a new line of work, the businesses pay substantially less pay rates and wages for them than for national residents. Along these lines, it shifts inclinations for work toward settlers. In such a manner, socially rejected â€Å"national† residents rival socially prohibited ethnic minorities or settler ‘others’ for restricted national assets of government assistance (Castles and Miller, 2003). Such present circumstance in the Western European nations can be related with a â€Å"social regression† or a â€Å"social crisis† notwithstanding a developing political and social emergency dependent on the built up national personalities. In such a manner, as of late the re is a solid inclination to prohibit Muslim worker â€Å"others† out of the European nations to make it â€Å"nationally pure† once more. Syncretism, which signifies consolidating, is the endeavor in actuality

Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin - Free Essay Example

Part 1 In this part of his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin describes his early life and how he began to grow and become more successful in America. He dedicates the book to his son, so that his son can learn from mistakes that he made in the past. He says that he would not redo or change his life besides some minor things and moments. He shows throughout this part that he embodies the promise of America. He tells through his life story how dedication, hard work, and creativity can lead to being successful in America. He started off poor and was close with his family. His parents were good role models for him. As he got older, he apprenticed as a printer under his brother for a while and lived with him. During this time, he further developed his already prominent love for reading, writing, and poetry. He taught himself how to improve his writing and other skills by reading books. After growing unhappy with his apprenticeship and relationship with his older brother, he decided to leave Boston, where he grew up, and go to New York. Once in New York, he met with a printer to try to find work. The printer could not offer Benjamin any work, but told Benjamin to go to Philadelphia and find work with his son. So he went to Philadelphia, but the trip was very difficult. Once he got there, he found housing, slept for a long time, and then found the son. The son could also not give Benjamin any work, but suggested that he worked for another local printer named Keimer. Here he worked for a long time. Keimer had Benjamin stay with the Read family, where he met his future wife. He also became familiar with the governor of Pennsylvania at the time. This governor wrote a letter to Benjaminrs dad telling him how great Benjamin is, and how he thinks that he should start his own printing business. He even offered to help out. Benjamin returned to Boston to visit his family and show his dad the letter, but his dad didnt approve due to Benjamin being so young. The governor of Pennsylvania still wanted Benjamin to pursue his own printing business, so he offered to pay for it himself in the future. Throughout this time, he began a courtship with his future wife, Miss Read, but her mother suggested that they called it off due to him leaving for England soon. He did, and left for London shortly after. Here he learned that the governor was not a trustworthy man and never really kept his promises, so Benjamin lost faith in him. He also stayed for longer than he anticipated, because he realized that he could tremendously improve his printing skills if he worked in London for a while. So he stayed for a year and a half more, and in that time he did improve a lot. Upon arriving back to Philadelphia, he trained other printers that worked for Keimer to improve their skills. He then quit working for Keimer because he did not feel he was fit to do the job and tried to find work elsewhere. When he couldnt, he returned to Keimer. Him and a worker, Meredith decided that they wished to own their own printing business that would be better than Keimerrs. After more training and getting some money, they do. They begin to make a profit and even made a newspaper that helped them earn more money. Eventually, Meredith decided that being a printer wasnt what he was made for, and left the business to Ben Franklin. This business is how he began to make more and more money. He was dedicated to his work and worked through long hours of the night to achieve his goals. He rose from being poor through hard work. Part 2 In the second part of Benjamin Franklinrs autobiography, he discusses many things. However, a big theme in this part is the theme of religion and virtues. He discusses these throughout most of the part, and even thinks that his virtues are more important than the organized religion that everyone else seems to follow. He was not a big fan of public worship, and he only attended one ceremony before he decided that it wasnt what he believed. He thought that their goal was to just make them Presbyterians instead of trying to teach them to be good citizens. Because of this, Benjamin Franklin created his own form of prayer for his own use at home. He also created a list of virtues that he thought were most important and desirable to him, and he worked hard to correct his behavior according to them. This list of virtues consisted of thirteen different things that Benjamin Franklin thought were the most important. The thirteen virtues were: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, and humility. He was wise enough to know that he could not attempt to fix all of them at once and be successful, so he worked on fixing his life according to one virtue at a time. He would focus on eliminating one fault from his life for a week, then the next week he would focus on eliminating a different one and the same one as the week before. Benjamin Franklin even kept track of these things in a journal using lines and dots. Of these virtues, Benjamin Franklin said that the hardest one to work on was humility. He always had pride in what hers accomplished, so it was already hard enough to fix it. He also said that even if you work hard and become humble, thatrs just another thing to be proud of. One of our essential questions is, how is it possible to live without committing any faults? I think that Benjamin Franklin sharing that he struggled to be humble is just proof that itrs impossible to live without having any faults. He worked really hard to overcome his pride, and although he did fix it a little bit, he could never fully overcome it and be completely humble. This makes me further believe that we as humans cannot live a fault-free life, no matter how hard we try. He dedicated a large part of his life to correcting his behaviors and trying to live a life without faults, but he never fully succeeded. Through this part of the book, Benjamin Franklin tells us how he worked hard to amend his behavior and live by the thirteen virtues. Nearing the end of the part, he discusses how he never really got to the point that he wished to be at with his virtues. However, he does tell that his life had improved significantly ever since he started working on correcting his behavior. Benjamin Franklin says that after he started applying his virtues to his life, he felt better and a lot happier than he was before. He says that conversations with others ended up going more smoothly than before, because he was less arrogant and full of himself. He also said that he was overall nicer to others after he spent time working on his virtues. Benjamin Franklin ends the part by talking about how every human struggles with their pride, and how he believes you cant get rid of it. This further ties in the idea that it is impossible to live without faults in your life, and everybody has them. Part 3 Throughout the third part of his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin discusses many different topics. He talks about how important religion is, and he also talks about politics and the military. During this part, he talks in depth about how much he admired a minister, Samuel Hemphill, and a preacher, George Whitefield. Samuel Hemphillrs sermons focused a lot on virtue, so Benjamin Franklin liked him a lot. George Whitefield had amazing preaching skills, which allowed him to have a lot of power over the citizens of Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin also talks about reforms he worked hard to change the city of Philadelphia. He discusses all of the things he added to the city and colony that helped things run smoother, such as a military and fire department. Samuel Hemphill is an Irish minister that has sermons that deeply focus on virtue. Because of this, Benjamin Franklin appreciates and respects his sermons much more. However, not everyone liked Hemphill that much. They didnt like him a lot due to the fact that he borrows a little bit of others works when he makes his sermons, and they think thatrs cheating. To get more people on his side, Franklin writes pamphlets supporting Hemphill, but they still dont like him very much. They kicked him out, so Benjamin stopped going to church. He then talks about how he later met a preacher named George Whitefield. He was very well liked and very powerful among the Philadelphia citizens. They even build him a church to preach in with others. Benjamin Franklin says that Whitefield is an honest, virtuous man. He also publishes George Whitefieldrs journals and sermons. Benjamin respects this man a lot, and says that hers a very good speaker with a loud voice. Later in the part, Benjamin Franklin discusses politics and military for a long time. Franklin used money earned from the subscriptions to his pamphlet, Plain Truth. Benjamin and Thomas Lawrence go to New York to borrow cannons for their military. After some convincing, they go home with eighteen. As part of the Pennsylvania Governor council, he had certain ideas that Quakers didnt agree with. Benjamin Franklin thinks that they want to support the military and self-defense, but they dont want to oppose their beliefs. The French and Indian War starts, and Benjamin helps General Edward Braddock collect supplies and weapons using his writing. During this part, Benjamin Franklin also tells how he created a public hospital, a fire department, and a college in Philadelphia. While Franklin was in charge of the army, he led them to build forts. It took them a week to build their fort at Gradenhut. He keeps the soldiers busy, because he believes that people are happier if theyre doing something. Their fort isnt the best, but they have enough weapons to defend themselves. Eventually, Franklin becomes a colonel, and he gets honorary escorts. This offends a person who owns the colony, so that person complains to Sir Everard Fawkener. However, Fawkener sides with Franklin and doesnt do anything about it. The governor wants Franklin to become a general to replace Braddock, and he wants him to recover Fort Duquense. Franklin turns down the offer, and Braddock is replaced by someone else. Benjamin then spends most of the rest of the part talking about science, philosophy, and various experiments he conducted later in his life. Part 4 In the final part of his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin tells us about a problem between the governor and the English assembly. He visits London with his son to see Dr. Fothergill to address the issue. Fothergill then tells them that they should take matters up with the people that own the colonies. He then visits someone, who takes him to meet a man named John Hanbury. They meet the president of the Kingrs privy council, Lord Granville. Franklin believes that American people should be able to make their own laws, and the king should just have to approve it. Lord Granville believes that the Kingrs instructions are laws, and that Americans have to follow them. Benjamin Franklin writes down what they had said to each other to use for future reference. He then realizes that a long time ago, they had also tried to make the Kingrs instructions a law, but it got thrown out. There is then a meeting between the owners of the colonies and Benjamin Franklin. They all try to be nice at first and explain their sides calmly, but when they cant agree, things get more heated. The colony owners give a complaint Benjamin wrote on behalf of the colonies to their lawyer, Ferdinando John Paris, who pretty much hates Benjamin. Everyone tries to get Ferdinando and Benjamin to talk to each other and deal with the issue, but Benjamin wont budge. Paris tells the colony owners to send the complaint to someone else, but that person never got back fo Franklin. They just called him rude and refused to address the complaint. This leads Franklin to believe that he wasnt proper enough when writing his complaint, which isnt normal for him. All the worry is for nothing, though, because Franklin gets his way in the end. The assembly passed an act that taxes the colony owners estates as well as the peoplers estates. This makes the colony owners very unhappy, so they try to get the King to make sure it doesnt happen. When they went to court, they try to say that the act will ruin their relationship with the people. However, Franklin and the Assembly say that it wont hurt anyone, and if the money gets repealed many people would become bankrupt. Then a man named Lord Mansfield takes Benjamin and Ferdinando to sign an agreement. This helps the law pass. The colony owners are still unhappy, though, and get the governor fired. All in all, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin shows all of the different ways that Benjamin Franklin impacted America. He worked in politics and the military, cared deeply about politics and religion, and worked hard to become a successful person. He worked on respected people of all religions. He also contributed to science and various things in Philadelphia. He helped plan the first university, public library, public hospital, and more. He used hard work and dedication to fulfill the American promise and rise to success. His views on virtue helped him correct his behavior. He had a better life and become a better person because of it. This autobiography has many reoccurring themes, such as religion, principles, education, and dedication. He wanted women to be able to have access to education. Overall, this book has shown us how much work went into our history, especially by Benjamin Franklin. Without him, many things in our country would be different. He is a prime example of what the American promise that hardwork and dedication lead to success. He also shows that everyone makes mistakes and thatrs okay.

The Goals of the Divine - Literature Essay Samples

In both Virgils The Aeneid and books Genesis and Exodus of the Old Testament, dreams, visions, signs, wonders and divinations serve as powerful testaments to the universal knowledge and might of the pagan Roman gods and the Jewish god. Revealing their wisdom and desires through these holy wonders, the gods of both Rome and the Israelites facilitate the progress of the heroes and chosen people in these epical and biblical stories. However, the intent of the Roman and Jewish gods in using symbolic signs and holy miracles differs greatly. While the gods in The Aeneid, in providing Aeneas with physical and spiritual signs, seek to further his founding of Rome and the fulfillment of fate, in Genesis and Exodus, God uses his powers to instill in earthly people proof of his existence, in addition to testing and rewarding their personal faith and love.In The Aeneid, Aeneas is from the start reminded through supernatural occurrences of his obligation to search for a new home. As he flees ruined Troy with his family, the apparition of his wife Creusa appears, asking him not to mourn a death that is part of the divine plan (74). In their short encounter, she foretells these things:You have to plough through a great waste of ocean to distant exile. And you shall come to the Western Land where the gentle current of Lydian Tiber flows between rich meadows where men are strong. There happiness and a kingdom are in store for you, with a queen for you to marry. (74)Here, Aeneas Trojan wife seems more like a messenger of fate who knows the future and reminds him to take care of their son Iulus than a wife who is seeing her husband for the last time. Her impersonal words are as calculated as they are clear and commanding: hurry away from this dangerous spot so that you may fulfill your destiny untouched by the Argive race. Dispel your tears for the Creusa whom you loved, for you must concentrate on the path set ahead (74). And though Creusa is not a god by any means, he r words are nevertheless inspired by the Olympian divinities; Creusa would not otherwise have the ability to see the future.As Aeneas travels the land upon his arrival at Carthage, he again receives the aid of the gods through wondrous means. Venus, concerned for her sons safety and, more importantly, conscious of his fate, is behind most of these signs and effects. She first appears to him as a beautiful maiden, like some Spartan girl, or like Harpalyce the Thracian who outruns horses till they tire and outstrips even the winged river Hebrus (37). Like Creusa before her, Venus appears under the specific pretext of describing the land and its ruler, Dido, so that Aeneas will feel compelled by curiosity and envy to approach the fledging city and its queen.Once again, the significance of Aeneas journey and his ultimate success overshadow his personal sadness and need for comfort. Venus has no desire to reveal her true form, since this visit is a business only affair to her. Her m agical disguise is one way to keep her son mindful of his obligations toward searching for a new home, as it allows her (and Aeneas) to concentrate more fully on walking the path of destiny. For example, as Aeneas laments his troubles, Venus would not listen to more complaints, and she impatiently interrupts to show him the prophetic sign Jupiter has sent through the skies in the form of twelve swans representing Aeneas lost fleet, and also to advise Aeneas to venture toward the heart of Carthage (39). While it would be difficult for a mother to abruptly stop her son from recounting his grievances, for a roaming maiden ending the talk is not. Thus, for the goddess, the supernatural ability to change forms serves the purpose of advancing the process of Roman settlement in Alba Longa and upholding the predictions of the fates without the complications of the mother-son relationship.Aeneas travels later in the epic again involve divine intervention in the form of wonder and vision. In Book Six, Aeneas is instructed by the Sibyl to find the golden bough before he is to proceed in the underworld. Obtaining the golden bough is yet another goal Aeneas must reach in his drive toward finding a home for the Trojan gods. In fact, Aeneas finds the bough by the blessings of Venus, who sends doves, which soared swiftly, skimming through the clear air, found the perch of their desire, and settled on a pair of adjacent treetops; and there, through the branches, shone the contrasting gleam of gold (153). The miracle of Aeneas journey into the underworld, the dangers he encounters there, his discovery of the golden bough, and his later reunion with Anchises, are a microcosm of the godly signs and wonders that pervade all of the Trojan travelers experiences in carrying out fate.In books Genesis and Exodus of the Bible, Gods purpose in performing miraculous acts and signs stands in stark contrast to the intents of the Roman gods. For there is no fate in the world of the J ewish god; he is fate, and he decides what will happen in the lives of humans. God seeks to reinforce his own existence and magnanimity in the hearts and minds of his children, and through the performance of miracles and wonders rewards the devout and gains the recognition of others. In Genesis, when Abraham laughs at Gods promise of descendents through Sarah, he asks humbly, Can a son be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Can Sarah bear a child at ninety? (12:17). Yet God, treasuring the faith and love of Abraham, keeps to his promise and miraculously, Sarah bears Isaac at an ancient age. Through this act, God not only performs his end of the covenant, he validates his own power in the mind of Abrahams family and others who learn about this miracle. As Sarah comments later, Got has given me good reason to laugh, and everyone who hears will laugh with me (21:6).God also performs acts of unkindness that are effective in proving his great power and validating that power th rough punishing the unfaithful. When he rained down fire and brimstone from the skies on Sodom and Gomorrah, God warns Lot and his family to escape but not look back at the two cities, the objects of his wrath (19:24). But Lots wife looked back, and she turned into a pillar of salt (19:26). The two divine signs God reveals to earthlings, once again, establish a precedent for those with evil and doubt in their hearts. Through the miracle of turning Lots wife into salt and destroying a city full of wrongdoers and the sinful, God increases his fame throughout the cities and tribes around Sodom and Gomorrah, and sets fear in the hearts of those who would not listen to his mandates.This need for God to validate himself and test the faith of the people is revisited in Exodus, when he guides Moses through the struggle with Pharaoh. In retaliation for the Egyptians abuse of his people, the Israelites, and to show Pharaoh the terrible mistake he has made in opposing the Lord, God strike s down the Egyptians with plagues until finally the lord of Egypt releases the Jewish people from captivity. Gods intent is clearly stated when he speaks to Moses; he ruins the obstinate leader so that I may win glory for myself at the expense of Pharaoh and all his army; and the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord (14:4). Here, spreading fame and recognition is the name of the game for God. Though his reaction to the Egyptians confinement of his people might seem harsh by some standards, God feels it is necessary so that more people are wary of his might and will seek refuge under the Jewish way of life. It is through this punishment, in addition to the miracle of Moses parting of the Red Sea, that God establishes his place in the world and the minds of those who have not heard of him. He also fortifies his position in the minds and hearts of the Israelites, who against all odds are rescued and brought to new settlements, although later they anger God by creating a bovine i dol.The miracle of the burning bush of Exodus can serve as a focused contrast to the golden bough of The Aeneid. The golden bough in the Virgilian epic is a symbol for fate; Aeneas is compelled to search for it so that he may gain passage in the underworld and learn about his journey from his father, yet another prerequisite to his founding of Rome. It is an object to be obtained, to be found. The burning bush is God himself, in a form Moses can comprehend and accept. The discovery of the bush is like the discovery of the golden bough, a wonder that is crucial for later success, yet it represents a way for Moses to meet the Lord and solidify his faith and support for Gods orders, not the linear task that Aeneas is forced to undertake in his execution of destiny.In The Aeneid and the Bible, plagues, miracles, rewards, signs and predictions are performed by both the Roman deities and God as ways of furthering some goal; Aeneas must find a new home for his people and his gods, and the followers of God will someday have their own nation and be kings of peoples (17:16). Yet the gods from both sides are driven in different ways; the Roman gods perform miracles and wonders in order to facilitate a Trojan leaders campaign, compelled by clairvoyance of his future. In Genesis and Exodus, however, a God unrecognized and angered by the people he created, through plagues and rewards, engages in his own campaign to restore recognition and devotion and punish sin. While the Olympian gods use their incredible powers to facilitate the inevitable, the Jewish God with his might quests to be known and be cherished by everyone he touches, whether he touches them in a malevolent or benevolent way.